The Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria was a nominal patriarchate of the Latin church on the see of Alexandria in Egypt. Athanasius is considered one of the four great Eastern Doctors of the Church in the Catholic Church. Titular Patriarchal See of Alexandria, Egypt - GCatholic.org Pages in category "Latin Patriarchs of Alexandria" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. [6] Some argue that, in his Easter letter of 367, Athanasius was the first person to list the 27 books of the New Testament canon that are in use today. Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt where he remained for a period of six years, living the life of the monks and devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings, such as his Letter to the Monks and Four Orations against the Arians. It is supported by six Vicariates that operate in different fields of action to support the Christian communities in all of these countries. He accompanied Theophilus to Constantinople when that bishop held the "Synod of the Oak" in 402 and deposed St. John Chrysostom. Athanasius left for Upper Egypt, remaining there with the Desert Fathers until Julian's death on 26 June 363. The vast majority of the population of Christians within Alexandria and Egypt, as well as almost all of the Egyptian monastic communities, are part of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. In 1833 Patriarch maximos iii Mazlm obtained from Pope Gregory XVI the personal privilege (which has been handed down uninterruptedly) of adding the title of patriarch of Alexandria and Jerusalem along with jurisdiction over the Melkite Catholic churches in these areas. [12], His parents were wealthy enough to give him a fine secular education. Haas, Christopher. [1], Pope Julius died in April 352 and was succeeded by Liberius. . Patriarch of Alexandria | Religion Wiki | Fandom ), while Metropolitan Archbishop of, Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (1500.10.05 death 1502.10.14), also remained Metropolitan Archbishop of, Bernardino Carafa (1503 death 1505.07.30), remaining Bishop of, Cesare Riario (1506.10.06 death 1540.12.18); also first remaining, Julius Gonzaga (1550.05.23 death 1550.09), Jacques Corts (1552.01.08 death 1568), remaining Bishop of, Honoratus Caetani (1633.04.11 death 1647.08), Carlo Ambrosio Mezzabarba (1719.09.18 1741.12.07), also Bishop of, Filippo Carlo Spada (1742.01.22 death 1742.12.08), previously Bishop of, Girolamo Crispi (1742.12.17 death 1746.07.24), also Archbishop of, Giuseppe Antonio Davanzati (1746.08.06 death 1755.02.16), remaining Metropolitan Archbishop of, Lodovico Agnello Anastasi (1755.05.12 death 1758.02.19), remaining Metropolitan Archbishop of, Francisco Mattei (1758.03.13 death 1794.08.15), previously Titular Archbishop of, This page was last edited on 5 June 2023, at 11:25. The jurisdiction of the Latin patriarchs in Antioch extended over the three feudal principalities of Antioch, Edessa, and Tripoli. [15], In Coptic literature, Athanasius is the first patriarch of Alexandria to use Coptic as well as Greek in his writings.[14]. In February 364 Jovian died.[1]. Encyclopedia.com. He quietly withdrew from Alexandria in October 364 and took up his abode in a country house outside the city. [1], In 362 Athanasius convened a council at Alexandria and presided over it with Eusebius of Vercelli. The persecution against the orthodox party broke out with renewed vigour, and Constantius was induced to prepare drastic measures against Athanasius and the priests who were devoted to him. However, the majority of Athanasius's corpse remains in the Venetian church. Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. Completed probably early in his life, before the Arian controversy,[37] they constitute the first classic work of developed Orthodox theology. "[11] This is translated, "I received this rule and ordinance from our blessed father/pope, Heraclas. The fathers terrified of the threats of the Emperor, an avowed Arian, they consented to the condemnation of Athanasius. 0 references. In 1438 Pope Eugenius IV called a church council to consider reunion of the eastern and western churches. [14], Several terms redirect here. [6], The earliest record of this title was regarding Pope Heraclas of Alexandria (227240) in a letter written by his successor, Pope Dionysius of Alexandria, to Philemon (a Roman presbyter): " . [13] Some surviving copies of his writings are in fact in Coptic, though scholars differ as to whether he wrote them in Coptic originally (which would make him the first patriarch to do so) or whether these were translations of writings originally in Greek. The Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa leads the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria. Arius was subsequently excommunicated by Alexander, and Arius began to elicit the support of many bishops who agreed with his position. The word occurs in the Septuagint for the chiefs of the tribes (e.g. A full council of the Church was summoned there in deference to the Roman pontiff's wishes. The Latin and Greek ch, Alexandria Technical College: Tabular Data, Alexandria Technical College: Narrative Description, Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (18871957), Alexandrina of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (18791952), https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/alexandria-patriarchate, BULGARIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH (EASTERN CATHOLIC), Babylon of the Chaldeans, Patriarchate of. He is chiefly known for his campaign against Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, whose views on Christ 's nature were to be declared heretical. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Church of Alexandria - NEW ADVENT: Home [18][pageneeded][19][29][full citation needed], When Athanasius reached his destination in exile in 336, Maximin of Trier received him, but not as a disgraced person. T Tomb of John of Aragon (Cathedral of Tarragona) (16 F) [19], "During the forty-eight years of his episcopate, his history is told in the history of the controversies in which he was constantly engaged with the Arians, and of the sufferings he had to endure in defence of the Nicene faith. During Pope Shenouda III's visit to Rome (410 May 1973), Pope Paul VI gave the Coptic Patriarch a relic of Athanasius,[44] which he brought back to Egypt on 15 May. . Alexander of Alexandria, "Catholic Epistle". After the loss of the Holy Land and the overthrow of all Latin domination in the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria ceased to exist except as a mere titular dignity (Wernz, Jus Decretalium, p. 837). Home News Random Article Install Wikiwand Send a suggestion But the Alexandrian Melkites finally severed relations with Rome after the Turkish conquest of Alexandria in 1517. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. As he states in his First Letters to Serapion, he held on to "the tradition, teaching, and faith proclaimed by the apostles and guarded by the fathers. It later served as an inspiration to Christian monastics in both the East and the West. The Gospel of St. John's first chapter began to be said at the end of Mass, we believe as a result of Athanasius and his life's stand. For example, Richard E. Rubenstein suggests that Athanasius ascended to the rank of bishop in Alexandria under questionable circumstances because some questioned whether he had reached the minimum age of 30 years, and further that Athanasius employed force when it suited his cause or personal interests. Aftermath of the Council of Chalcedon. It was the centre from which Christianity spread throughout all Egypt. The Greek patriarch of Alexandria remained in communion with the See of Rome despite the rupture of communion between Rome and Constantinople in 1054. Intellectually, morally, and politicallyit epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Athanasius was also familiar with the theories of various philosophical schools and in particular with the developments of neoplatonism. [19] During his first years as bishop, Athanasius visited the churches of his territory, which at that time included all of Egypt and Libya. [18], At length, in the Council of Nicaea, the term "consubstantial" (homoousion) was adopted, and a formulary of faith embodying it was drawn up by Hosius of Crdoba. [19] Athanasius also authored a two-part work, Against the Heathen and The Incarnation of the Word of God. [13] Some Western scholars consider his command of Greek, in which he wrote most (if not all) of his surviving works, evidence that he may have been a Greek born in Alexandria. [18] Also in these books, Athanasius put forward the belief, referencing John 1:14, that the Son of God, the eternal Word (Logos) through whom God created the world, entered that world in human form to lead men back into the harmony from which they had earlier fallen away. [18] Athanasius' "Letter Concerning the Decrees of the Council of Nicaea" (De Decretis), is an important historical as well as theological account of the proceedings of that council. Athanasius wrote forty-five festal letters. The excommunications were not lifted until 1965, when . Constantius reconsidered his decision, owing to a threatening letter from his brother Constans and the uncertain conditions of affairs on the Persian border, and he accordingly made up his mind to yield. [2] Each of the respective churches consider their patriarch as the successor to the original early bishops of Alexandria. A patriarchate (Gr. [contradictory][citation needed] This office has historically held the title of Pope"" (papas), which means "Father" in Greek and Copticsince Pope Heraclas of Alexandria, the 13th Alexandrine Bishop (227248), was the first to associate "Pope" with the title of the Bishop of Alexandria. East-West Schism | Summary, History, & Effects | Britannica [6][7][8][9][10] By the sixth century, this was also the normal practice in the imperial chancery of Constantinople. The position was merely titular since the bishop never occupied the See. . His life and conduct were the rule of bishops, and his doctrine the rule of the orthodox faith. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Cyril of Alexandria - NEW ADVENT His full title is "His Divine Beatitude the Pope and Patriarch of the Great City of Alexandria, Libya, Pentapolis, Ethiopia, All Egypt and All Africa, Father of Fathers, Pastor of Pastors, Prelate of Prelates, the Thirteenth of the Apostles and Judge of the Universe". 12. According to Sozomen; "the Bishop Alexander 'invited Athanasius to be his commensal and secretary. ), also Patriarch of Grado For two years Liberius had been favourable to the cause of Athanasius; but driven at last into exile, he was induced to sign an ambiguous formula, from which the great Nicene text, the "homoousion", had been studiously omitted. Egypt was never occupied by Crusaders. xxv of Bk. patriarches; Lat. ), previously Bishop of, Jean dHarcourt (1451.12.10 1453? . The titular see would have its share of disputed nominations during the papal schism in Avignon. From this time to the end of the Arian controversies, the word "consubstantial" continued to be the test of orthodoxy. ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church. The Patriarch of Alexandria is the Archbishop of Alexandria and Cairo, Egypt. [16], Peter of Alexandria, the 17th archbishop of Alexandria, was martyred in 311 in the closing days of the Great Persecution and may have been one of Athanasius's teachers. St. Cyril of Alexandria, (born c. 375died June 27, 444; Western feast day June 27; Eastern feast day June 9), Christian theologian and bishop active in the complex doctrinal struggles of the 5th century. With his friends scattered, Hosius in exile, and Pope Liberius denounced as acquiescing in Arian formularies, Athanasius could hardly hope to escape. The Greek patriarch had little pastoral control over Christians in the patriarchate as most Christians soon accepted the Coptic Church as the true church. Western Christians observe his feast day on 2 May, the anniversary of his death. These include the so-called Athanasian Creed (which is today generally seen as being of 5th-century Galician origin), and a complete Expositions on the Psalms. To this Constantius consented, for he felt able to control the Council in Milan. The Patriarch of Alexandria is the archbishop of Alexandria, Egypt. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/alexandria-patriarchate, "Alexandria, Patriarchate of New Catholic Encyclopedia. Constantius' persistence in his opposition to Athanasius, combined with reports Athanasius received about the persecution of non-Arians by the Arian bishop George of Laodicea, prompted Athanasius to write his more emotional History of the Arians, in which he described Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. [4], According to church tradition, the patriarchate was founded in 42 AD by Mark the Evangelist. [35], The Council of Serdica sent an emissary to report their finding to Constantius. Patriarch of Alexandria - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia Part I: Historical Developments [6] For Coptic Christians, his feast day is Pashons 7 (now circa 15 May). The news created the greatest consternation in Alexandria, and the prefect, in order to prevent a serious outbreak, gave public assurance that the very special case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor. In 1895, the Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria was established out of the Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Alexandria. The term had been proposed in a non-obvious and illegitimate sense by Paul of Samosata to the Fathers at Antioch, and had been rejected by them as savouring of materialistic conceptions of the Godhead. [58] The beginning of John's Gospel was much used as an object of special devotion throughout the Middle Ages; the practice of saying it at the altar grew, and eventually Pope Pius V made this practice universal for the Roman Rite in his 1570 edition of the Missal. Athanasius of Alexandria - Wikipedia [27] Constantine died in 337 and was succeeded by his three sons, Constantine II, Constantius, and Constans. [1], Gilmartin writes: "By Constantius' order, the sole ruler of The Roman Empire at the death of his brother Constans, the Council of Arles in 353, was held, which was presided over by Vincent, Bishop of Capua, in the name of Pope Liberius. In the meanwhile, Julian, who seems to have become suddenly jealous of the influence that Athanasius was exercising at Alexandria, addressed an order to Ecdicius, the Prefect of Egypt, peremptorily commanding the expulsion of the restored primate on the ground that he had not been included in the imperial act of clemency. Two conciliar letters were prepared, one to the clergy and faithful of Alexandria, the other to the bishops of Egypt and Libya, in which the will of the council was made known. This Gospel is the greatest support of Athanasius' stand. The title was last held by Luca Ermenegildo Pasetto until his death in 1954; it remained vacant until its abolition as a Latin Church see in 1964. The Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia - 1555 to 1663, never effective, only held by Iberian Jesuits; Patriarch as title ad personam. The vast majority of the population of Christians within Alexandria and Egypt, as well as almost all of the Egyptian monastic communities, are part of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. It is difficult to know whether the patriarch of Alexandria repudiated this union with Rome along with the antiochene patriarch in the Synod of Constantinople in 1484. Kannengiesser, Charles, "Alexander and Arius of Alexandria: The last Ante-Nicene theologians", Kannengiesser, Charles "Athanasius of Alexandria vs. Arius: The Alexandrian Crisis", in. The Alexandrian patriarch, together with those of Antioch and Jerusalem, sent a representative to the Council of florence (1439) and through him agreed to enter into communion with the See of Rome. "[1], While still a deacon under Alexander's care (or early in his patriarchate as discussed below) Athanasius may have also become acquainted with some of the solitaries of the Egyptian desert, and in particular Anthony the Great, whose life he is said to have written. Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure: Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Questionally autonomous, declared independence from the MP, but has not declared itself autocephalous: Athanasius I of Alexandria[note 1] ( '; c.296298 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, or, among Coptic Christians, Athanasius the Apostolic, was a church father[4] and the 20th pope of Alexandria (as Athanasius I). The Latin patriarch of Antioch was a prelate of the Latin Church created in 1098 by Bohemond I of Taranto, founder of the Principality of Antioch, one of the crusader states . The mutual excommunications by the pope and the patriarch in 1054 became a watershed in church history. But three separate letters were needed to overcome the natural hesitation of Athanasius. The History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria is a major historical work of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. "Alexandria, Patriarchate of Arius, "Arius's letter to Eusebius of Nicomedia". "[1] During this time, Gregory of Cappadocia, an Arian bishop, was installed as the patriarch of Alexandria, usurping the absent Athanasius. Patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum : Series Graeca. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Patriarch and Patriarchate - NEW ADVENT: Home Its seat is in Alexandria and it has canonical responsibility for the entire African continent. Lucaris, Patriarch of Alexandria at the time, was asked by the Synod to preach a counter-sermon. [65], Scholars now believe that the Arian party was not monolithic[66] but held drastically different theological views that spanned the early Christian theological spectrum. Latin Patriarchs of Antioch and Alexandria - The Proceedings of the However, the date of retrieval is often important. Roma San Paolo fuori le mura BW 1.JPG. (Santiago de Compostela, 1990), 398, Williams, Rowan, Arius: Heresy and Tradition (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1987), 175, Alexander of Alexandria's Catholic Epistle, Introduction to St. Athanasius on the Incarnation. He was known as Athanasius Contra Mundum (Latin for 'Athanasius Against the World'). 2023
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