It is not as winterhardy as some cultivars of alfalfa. by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Frost Injury to Alfalfa A Focus on Forage fact sheet. Yet, few realize that more than 30 orchardgrass varieties are available and large genetic differences exist. White Clover for Wisconsin Pastures This form needs Javascript to display, which your browser doesnt support. Determining the Optimum Alfalfa Seeding Rate The single factor most affecting profitability of alfalfa is yield. Making Forage Analysis Work for You in Balancing Livestock Rations and Marketing Hay by Matt Hansen, former Dodge County Crops and Soils Agent. We have found, for example, with pure alfalfa, not matter how many pounds of seed are used per acre, the stand will thin to 30 to 35 plants per square foot by summers end. We have found that, generally, alfalfa/grass mixes yield the same as pure alfalfa stands if the alfalfa is growing well. Do full wagons have to be hauled the length of the field? cNot to be used in horse pastures. Written by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Seeding Rate of Different Alfalfa Seed Lots Alfalfa-grass: Know the risks, know the benefits - Ag Proud Northern and central IL Alfalfa 12-15 Alfalfaa Smooth . by Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Effect of Drought on Alfalfa and Managing for Next Growing Season |PowerPoint Presentation | by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, et al. Match genetics and management to these factors. Arizona and California continued to dominate the average alfalfa yield category in 2017 notching 8.4 and 6.8 tons per acre, respectively. Orchardgrass, G4511 | MU Extension Average yields were 59 percent and 1.85 tons dry matter per acre for first cutting; 29 percent and 0.90 tons dry matter per acre for second cutting; and 12 percent and 0.36 tons dry matter per acre for third cutting. Understanding NDF Digestibility of Forages In the absence of a soil test, assuming a medium-fertility soil and orchardgrass seeded alone, incorporate -45-135 lb per acre prior to seeding and apply 20-20-20 lb per acre (banded if possible) at seeding. A spreadsheet for calculating the optimal first cutting date and net return per acre based on yield and RFV. Top yields (intensive farming) can exceed 40 tons per hectare or 16 tons per acre per year. by Francisco Contreras-Govea, former UW Agronomy Research Associate, and Dr. Richard Muck, USDA Dairy-Forage Research Center. Generally dairymen have perceived grasses to be too high in fiber for high producing dairy cows. Silage Quality After Applying Liquid Dairy Manure to Alfalfa Stubble Mgr. Fall stockpiled forage is brown but is high quality since it is largely leaves, unlike summer accumulated brown forage which is stemmy and low quality. Introduction Undersander et al. Faster drying 30 to 40% grass with alfalfa dries faster than either pure alfalfa orpure grass. When the composition of the stand is in this range, nitrogen fixation from legumes can meet the needs of the grass species, and fiber content of the mixture is still acceptable. It is important to remember thatthe top yields in the Green-Gold programalways exceeded 7 tons/acre and often approached 10 tons per acre. A Focus on Forage fact sheet. by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Identifying and Managing Soil Compaction in Field Crop Production This can be seen in the graph at the right which depicts economic data from the Green-Gold program (a third party verified measured yield and quality program) the Wisconsin Forage council used to run. New Disease-Causing Organisms in Alfalfa: Root and Crown Rots and Virus Diseases of Alfalfa and Clover, Effect of Drought on Alfalfa and Managing for Next Growing Season, Maximizing Forage in Winter Injured and Killed Stands, Evaluating and Managing Alfalfa Stands for Winter Injury, How to Manage Hail Damaged Alfalfa and Red Clover, Temperature and Moisture Effects on Forage Quality, Late Summer Cutting Management of Alfalfa, Seven Unique Factors of First-Cut Alfalfa, Measuring the trade-off between alfalfa yield and quality across four harvest periods, Planting Corn for Silage After a First-cut Alfalfa Harvest, Predicting Pre-Harvest Alfalfa Quality Using PEAQ, Estimating Alfalfa RFV in the Field using PEAQ (chart & directions for use), Update on Predicting Harvest Time for Alfalfa, Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program, 2018 Summary Report, Effects of Rain Damage on Wilting Forages, Forging a Partnership with a Custom Operator, Minimizing Wheel Traffic Damage to Alfalfa, The Long and the Short of Alfalfa Cutting Height, Calculating Alfalfa Optimum First Cut Date Spreadsheet, Estimating the Weight of Forage in a Forage Wagon, Machinery Designs and Adjustments for Minimized Field Losses, Rain Damage to Forage During Hay and Silage Making, Successful Wrapping and Storage of Square Bales, Using a Custom Harvester Factors to Consider, Inoculant Effects on Alfalfa Silage: Fermentation Products and Nutritive Value, Inoculant Effects on Alfalfa Silage: In Vitro Gas and Volatile Fatty Acid Production. At the end of the first year, this results in a final stand of 30 to 35 plants in the same area to maximize yield. of Plant Pathology, at the 2004 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Ag Lime, and Pest Management Conference, Status of Aphanomyces Root Rot in Wisconsin Dairy Feed: A New Cash Crop | Paper | Presentation | of Plant Pathology, UW Madison, Root and Crown Rots and Virus Diseases of Alfalfa and Clover Phosphorus and potassium levels, according to soil test, need to be in the upper medium to high range at the time of seeding. University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension by Dr. Dave Combs, Dairy Scientist, UW-Madison, Variability of Bypass Protein in Forages Enter your own yield and related expenses to help determine your profitability. An EEO/AA employer, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title VI, Title IX, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requirements. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Wayne Coblentz and Richard Muck, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Field Drying Forage for Hay and Haylage An MS Excel spreadsheet that automatically adjusts hay price based on moisture and quality. Several parameters and nutrients are critical for optimal stand health, although here well focus on soil pH, potassium and phosphorus. A rule of thumb puts the alfalfa at 10 pounds per acre, which is 47 seeds per square foot with the remainder grasses. A Focus on Forage Fact Sheet. Forage mixtures of alfalfa with perennial cool-season grasses offer whole-system (i.e., soil, crop and livestock) advantages over alfalfa monocultures. Because buffering soil pH can take time, its advised to perform soil tests and apply and incorporate Ag-lime 12 months prior to alfalfa seeding based on soil reports. by Dean Malvick, Asst. Alfalfa root systems die back to some extent over winter. NFTA Forage Analysis Procedure Recommended late-summer seeding dates are Aug. 1 to 15 for southern Minnesota and July 20 to Aug. 1 for northern Minnesota. Many establishment failures can be avoided by using primary tillage (moldboard plowing or chiseling) followed by disking and secondary tillage (i.e., smoothing operation) in conjunction with cultipacker. Seeding rate recommendations are generally accepted as 60 to 75 seeds per square foot. Orchardgrass, tall and meadow fescue and bromegrasses are dominant species to use in mixtures. The optimum temperature for germination of these grasses is about 15C and for alfalfa is about 25C. This unharvested material is essential, as it serves as the photosynthetic base needed for regrowth and stand persistence over time. PDF 2023 Estimated Costs of Crop Production in Iowa - Iowa State University A Focus on Forage fact sheet. UW Extension Bulletin A3681, Getting a Good Forage Stand by Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Maximizing Forage in Winter Injured and Killed Stands Big Bale Storage Losses; how different options stack up A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Dennis Cosgrove and Dan Undersander, former and current UW-Extension Forage Agronomists. A seeding rate of 12 to 15 pounds per acre will provide 23 plants per square foot during the first production year, assuming best management strategies were observed. It is viewable or downloadable as a .pdf file in the form of UW Extension bulletin A1525 (Perennial Forage Variety Update for Wisconsin). The Wisconsin Crop Manager provides timely information throughout the growing season on a variety of pest management related issues pertinent to alfalfa and other field crops. 1UW Extension Agent, Department of Agronomy A presentation given by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, at the 2005 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Ag Lime, and Pest Management Conference. Crop and Soil Management Issues Related to Forage Cation Levels Seven Unique Factors of First-Cut Alfalfa It allows you to customize your query by commodity, location, or time period. 2008 WI Crop Management Conference, Potato Leafhopper Resistant Alfalfa Varieties by Mark Renz, UW-Extension Weed Management Specialist. Cabrera, P. Hoffman and R. Shaver. Kelling, UW Professor and Extension Soil Scientist, and M.A. by Mike Rankin, Crops and Soils Agent Fond du Lac Co., Joe Lauer, UW-Extension Corn Agronomist, and Jerry Doll (emeritus), UW-Extension Weed Management Specialist. The fiber of grasses is more digestible than alfalfa. Custom Harvesting Spreadsheet Mark Renz, Extension Weed Scientist, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Costs and Benefits of Roundup-Ready Alfalfa in the Establishment Year | PowerPointPresentation | HarvXtra Alfalfa with Roundup Ready Technology is enabled with Technology from The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc. As you can see below, using USDA & extension averages along with current market data, alfalfa may be up to $100 more profitable per acre than corn and even more so when compared to soybeans. Research is developing new understanding of forage, fiber, and the animals ability to use them. University of Minnesota alfalfa field crop variety trials. Additionally, alfalfa growth is reduced with low pH it is also more prone to diseases and, therefore, has shortened stand life. Producers commonly take the most time in deciding which grass specie(s) to mix with the alfalfa. by Ron Wiederholt, former Clark Co. Crops and Soils Agent, et. The increase in DMI and milk yield is greatest in high-producing cows. Redesigning alfalfa: Can we reduce protein loss in alfalfa by introducing traits from red clover? So let's begin with a 15 pound per acre seeding rate (Figure 1). by Bryan Jensen, Integrated Pest Management Program, UW Madison, Alfalfa Potato Leafhopper Resistance Update by Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Measuring the trade-off between alfalfa yield and quality across four harvest periods Other considerations include an annual fertility program including nitrogen and sulfur, harvesting quality and pest management (diseases/insects). by Mike Rankin, Fond du Lac Co. Crops and Soils Agent, and Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Agronomist. Accumulated or stockpiled forage can be an excellent source of forage for animals. A common mistake is concentrating too long on which species to include instead of which variety. The bulletin is updated annually. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus), UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station, et al. Marshfield Ag Res. This form needs Javascript to display, which your browser doesnt support. by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, Redesigning alfalfa: Can we reduce protein loss in alfalfa by introducing traits from red clover? NCR Research Report 346 by K. Kelling and M. Schmitt, Potassium in Forages by Mike Rankin, Fond du Lac Co. Crops and Soils Agent. Over the years, many producers have found its much easier to correctly plant a field than try to renovate a poorly established one. Temperature and Moisture Effects on Forage Quality of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Getting Low Potassium in Forages Estimating Alfalfa RFV in the Field using PEAQ (chart & directions for use) This first step to strong production must also include stand establishment, harvesting schedules, fertility and pest management considerations. If a strong root system forms then high yields will occur on first cutting. However, we should remember that every trip over the field does some damage and reduces yield. Plant seeds no more than a half-inch deep. Foliar Fungicides on Alfalfa: Is it worth it? This is true regardless of equipment used. PDF NEW YORK FORAGE LEGUME AND GRASS VARIETY YIELD - Alfalfa Partners USDA's 2020 hay theme is . . . marginally down Forage production is a three- to six-year commitment, depending on a producers decisions, management practices and field rotations to benefit the farm as a whole system. Alfalfa Yield and Stand - Team Forage paper by M. Sulc, K. Albrecht, et al. byDan Undersander, Forage Agronomist 2023 Sulfur, particularly, is a nutrient that was not lacking in the past and now often needs to be applied for optimal growth. The yield of an alfalfa stand is dependant upon several things, such as variety, moisture, fertility and harvest management. Publication A4075, Alfalfa Grass Mixtures|PowerPointPresentation | Typical management involves the seeding year and three to four production years. In addition to locating well-drained, deep soils, following alfalfa in the rotation with newly seeded alfalfa is not advisable due to autotoxicity. Phosphorus Runoff Losses from Alfalfa Calculating Alfalfa Optimum First Cut Date Spreadsheet Madison, WI 53706, Proc. A youtube video by University of Wisconsin Integrated Pest and Crop Management. Connect with your County Extension Office , Find an Extension employee in our staff directory , Get the latest news and updates on Extension's work around the state, Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: info@extension.wisc.edu | 2023 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Privacy Policy | Non-Discrimination Policy & How to File a Complaint | Disability Accommodation Requests. Avoid unnecessary trips across the field when harvesting, Mowing and conditioning in a single operation. Alfalfa yields for 2020 averaged 4.0 tons per acre dry matter (1.0 tons less than in 2019), red clover yields averaged 2.7 tons per acre dry matter (1.4 tons per acre less than in 2019), and perennial forage grass yields averaged 2.4 tons per acre dry matter (1.8 tons per acre less than in 2019). Million BTU/acre Soybean (40 bu/a) 2.3 18.3 7.1 Corn grain (180 bu/a) 6.0 59.0 8.8 . For each system, both the initial cost per acre and the annual maintenance cost per acre are presented. Not only will alfalfa reduce your nitrogen fertilizer needs by 100-150 pounds over the next couple years, much research has shown that corn after alfalfa often yields 10 to 20 bushels more per acre than it will even with extra fertilizer. Extensive pest management information is contained in this bulletin relative to weed, insect, and disease identification and control for alfalfa. Email: askusda@usda.gov UW-Extension. Both corn and alfalfa-grass silage must be supplemented with protein and energy, but if done properly, silage feeding may improve litter size and pig livability and save up to 25 percent in feed costs. One of major contributors to increased lameness in dairy cattle (which has increased in the Midwest in recent years to 20 to 25% of all dairy cattle) has been formulation of high starch, low fiber diets (Cook, 2003). For these reasons, Italian ryegrass can be a good companion crop for alfalfa seedings under the right conditions. That equates to 75 seeds per square foot. Potential to reduce non fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) of dairy rations Too muchreadily fermentable carbohydrate can reduce milk production through acute or sub acute rumen acidosis. Pea and Small Grain Mixtures The more particles in direct contact with the seed, the quicker the seed can absorb water and germinate (Figure 6). You may be interested in knowing how many alfalfa seeds you will be planting.
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