Olea africana has a varied range of documented medicinal uses such as treatment for eye infections, urinary tract infections, headaches, sore throat, diuretics and hypertension. Medina E., Romero C., de Los Santos B., et al. PDF European Union herbal monograph on Olea europaea L., folium All these compounds protected against oxidative DNA damage at the concentration 10M. The results showed that many phenolics present in olive oil mill waste water have good antioxidizing capacities and could replace some less safe synthetic antioxidants used to preserve food items industrially [192]. Haloui E., Marzouk B., Marzouk Z., Bouraoui A., Fenina N. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein from olive leaves: potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Material and Methods. Then the isolated pure compounds luteolin 7-O-glucoside (64), oleuropein (1), hydroxytyrosol (84), and hydroxytyrosol acetate (88) were also subjected to cell proliferation assays. Fehri B., Aiache J.-M., Mrad S., Korbi S., Lamaison J.-L. Iriti M., Vitalini S., Fico G., Faoro F. Neuroprotective herbs and foods from different traditional medicines and diets. Isolation and identification of radical scavengers in olive tree (, Tsukamoto H., Hisada S., Nishibe S. Coumarin and secoiridoid glucosides from bark of, Tsukamoto H., Hisada S., Nishibe S., Roux D. G. Phenolic glucosides from, Tsukamoto H., Hisada S., Nishibe S., Roux D. G., Rourke J. P. Coumarins from. Olea europaea leaf (Ph.Eur.) It was found that olive oil can significantly reduce the risk of stroke, heart attacks, stomach cancer, and other heart diseases [11]. Z., Eidi M., Rezazadeh S. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil (, Nieto F. R., Cobos E. J., Entrena J. M., Parra A., Garca-Granados A., Baeyens J. M. Antiallodynic and analgesic effects of maslinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid from. The effects of OLE on the hematology, biochemistry, kidney, and liver of Wistar male albino rats were determined to evaluate its toxicity profile. Olive Tree Medicinal Uses Not many people will know the olive leaf has been used for the treatment of many viral conditions, including (very topically) Swine Flu, herpes and shingles. Bianchi G., Murelli C., Vlahov G. Surface waxes from olive fruits. Flavonoids also constitute some portion of O. europaea leaves. Rabiei Z., Bigdeli M. R., Rasoulian B. Neuroprotection of dietary virgin olive oil on brain lipidomics during stroke. Galanakis C. M. Olive fruit dietary fiber: components, recovery and applications. LC-MS screening of freeze-dried olives from Italian cultivators was performed along with their antioxidant profile showing differences in antioxidant behavior of olives of different cultivators [194]. The Anti-cancer Effect of Olea europaea L. Products: a Review Kosak R., Stern P. Examination of the hypotensive activity of folium olivae. Oleuropein (1) and OLE were studied for their effects on unstimulated lymphocytes. The results revealed that hydroxytyrosol laurate has a greater protective antioxidant effect against H2O2 treatment than hydroxytyrosol [158]. Cicerale S., Lucas L., Keast R. Biological activities of phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil. Ethanolic extract of the fresh leaves of O. europaea was tested against Artemia salina and was found to be active. The results revealed that n-hexane extract showed activity at 400mg/Kg dose while ethanolic extract did not show a significant activity [136]. O. europaea emerged as a good source of traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. A., Shaaban M. I., Hashish N. E., Amer M. A., Lahloub M.-F. Assessment of anti-quorum sensing activity for some ornamental and medicinal plants native to Egypt. It was suggested that the antidiabetic effect of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol might be due to their ability to restrain the oxidative stress which is widely associated with pathological complications of diabetes [145]. Olive leaves' phenolic compounds were also evaluated against several microorganisms that are causative agents of human intestinal and respiratory tract infections including Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), and fungi including Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The aqueous extract of olive leaves had no antibacterial effect against the test microorganisms, while acetone extract inhibited several microorganisms including Salmonella enteritidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus thermophiles, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus [172]. To study the antileech effects of olive methanolic extract, 100 leeches (Limnatis nilotica) were treated with methanolic extract of olives in comparison with the reference drugs Tinidazole and Levamisole. Peralbo-Molina ., Priego-Capote F., de Castro M. D. L. Tentative identification of phenolic compounds in olive pomace extracts using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a quadrupole-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass detector. A. Antioxidant activity of phenolics extracted from. Prez-Bonilla et al. A., Al-Damegh M. A., ElMougy S. A. Folk medicine in middle and west Black Sea regions. Olea europaea L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science 11 Amazing Medicinal Health Benefits Of Olive Leaf (Olea Europaea) O. europaea is a monoecious plant [32] having both perfect and imperfect flowers [15], so it depends on the wind in which self- or cross-pollination occurs. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Assessment report on Olea europaea L., folium . Olive Leaf Extract for the Brain, Diet, Herpes, and More - Healthline designed a study to observe the effects of olive leaf extract and its main component oleuropein on 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced toxicity in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Aouidi et al. All the tested substances exhibited a strong reducing power. Upon intragastric administration, it was found effective antiulcer agent against aspirin-induced gastric ulcers [237]. These include tyrosol acetate (87), vanillin (130), homovanillyl alcohol (91), (+)-1-acetoxypinoresinol (45), berchemol (55), 3-acetyloxy berchemol (56), hemiacetal of dialdehydic oleuropein aglycone decarboxymethyl (136), hemiacetal of dialdehydic ligstroside aglycone decarboxymethyl (137), and verucosin (58) [110]. Part II. The native range of this species is Africa, Medit. Oleoside (15) has also been isolated from water extract of O. europaea leaves [56, 94]. Juan M. E., Wenzel U., Daniel H., Planas J. M. Erythrodiol, a natural triterpenoid from olives, has antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in HT-29 human adenocarcinoma cells. Romero C., Garca A., Medina E., Ruz-Mndez M. V., de Castro A., Brenes M. Triterpenic acids in table olives. Selected bioactives from callus cultures of olives (, Paiva-Martins F., Pinto M. Isolation and characterization of a new hydroxytyrosol derivative from olive (. Oleanolic acid and uvaol showed a significant, dose-response vasodepressor effect; therefore, olive oil was suggested as a natural and cheap source of controlling hypertension [219]. The pits inside olives can range from 1.5 to 3 cm. It has many reedy branches with opposite branchlets. Effects of olive leaf polyphenols against H. Barbaro B., Toietta G., Maggio R., et al. The results showed that both extracts did not exhibit good analgesic activity in the first phase of formalin test, whereas the methanolic and aqueous extracts inhibited the induced pain in the second phase of formalin test at doses of 600mg/Kg and 450mg/Kg, respectively [234]. Open archive Highlights This is a review on medicinal trees of Ethiopia. Pharmaceutical form 4. Omar S. H. Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects. Four groups of Wistar rats were studied for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The olive branch is a universal symbol of peace. Calyx is truncate with four little teeth and corolla short with four lobes and is 1-2mm long. PDF Assessment report on Olea europaea L., folium - European Medicines Agency Fujita T., Sezik E., Tabata M., et al. Olive Leaf Extract: Health Benefits, Uses, Dosage, and More - WebMD As a result it was noticed that blood pressure was reduced in all persons with more significant decrease in those treated with high dose. Rabiei Z., Bigdeli M. R., Rasoulian B., Ghassempour A., Mirzajani F. The neuroprotection effect of pretreatment with olive leaf extract on brain lipidomics in rat stroke model. Ferreira I. C. F. R., Barros L., Soares M. E., Bastos M. L., Pereira J. Table olives from Portugal: phenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity. The olive fruit is small of which an outer fleshy part or skin surrounds a shell of hardened kernel. Gmez-Gonzlez S., Ruiz-Jimnez J., Priego-Capote F., de Castro M. D. L. Qualitative and quantitative sugar profiling in olive fruits, leaves, and stems by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) after ultrasound-assisted leaching. It has been known to reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and uric acid. Secoiridoids constitute a major portion of the leaves and fruits of O. europaea. This species is accepted. Cobranosa under different irrigation regimes. Olive (, Casaburi I., Puoci F., Chimento A., et al. Ali-Shtayeh M. S., Jamous R. M., Jamous R. M. Complementary and alternative medicine use amongst Palestinian diabetic patients. These properties point to research-backed health benefits like:. Isolation of a powerful antioxidant from. Eating the oil reduces gastric secretions and is therefore of benefit to patients suffering from hyperacidity. Genetically, O. europaea is a diploid (2n = 46) species [34]. Last updated on Nov 22, 2022. Savarese M., de Marco E., Sacchi R. Characterization of phenolic extracts from olives (, Bianco A., Chiacchio M. A., Grassi G., Iannazzo D., Piperno A., Romeo R. Phenolic components of, Bianco A., Melchioni C., Ramunno A., Romeo G., Uccella N. Phenolic components of, Maestroduran R., Leoncabello R., Ruizgutierrez V., Fiestas P., Vazquezroncero A. Traditional and contemporary uses of Olea europaea. Oleuropein was found to be even more active than the reference drug methylene blue on both wild-type and P301L Tau proteins at low micromolar concentrations [247]. Factors influencing phenolic compounds in table olives (, Kuwajima H., Uemura T., Takaishi K., Inoue K., Inouyet H. A secoiridoid glucoside from, Karioti A., Chatzopoulou A., Bilia A. R., Liakopoulos G., Stavrianakou S., Skaltsa H. Novel secoiridoid glucosides in, Gariboldi P., Jommi G., Verotta L. Secoiridoids from, Hansen K., Adsersen A., Christensen S. B., Jensen S. R., Nyman U., Smitt U. W. Isolation of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor from, Mussini P., Orsini F., Pelizzoni F. Triterpenes in leaves of, Movsumov I. S., Aliev A. M. Oleanolic and maslinic acids of the fruit of. Pereira J. Aqueous extract was inactive against Bacillus cereus while acetone extract was found active [172, 174]. Qian Y., Guan T., Tang X., et al. Since prehistoric times, medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine practices. An iridoid glycoside, 7-deoxyloganic acid (42), was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of olive wood [47]. OLE was studied for its effect on brain lipidomics in rat stroke model. HepG2 cells were injected subcutaneously to mice to establish transplanted tumors. Total 30 rats were included in the study and fed on the OLE for 6 weeks. It was concluded that maslinic acid may offer some resistance to oxidative stress in animals [193]. Ghazanfar S. A., Al-Al-Sabahi A. M. Medicinal plants of Northern and Central Oman (Arabia). Incubation of these cells with olive leaf extract (400 and 600g/mL) and oleuropein (20 and 25g/mL) decreased cell damage and reduced biochemical markers of cell death. Zaki A. Somova L. I., Shode F. O., Ramnanan P., Nadar A. Antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic and antioxidant activity of triterpenoids isolated from, Cherif S., Rahal N., Haouala M., et al. An overview of the last decade. It was suggested that the activity may be due to the antioxidants present in OLE [235]. A significant decrease in their blood pressure was noticed after treatment without any side effects [225]. The phenolic content and antioxidant activity of infusions from Mediterranean medicinal plants. conducted a study to test the effect of extraction solvent on antioxidant activity. El Amin M., Virk P., Abdel-Rahman M., et al Anti-diabetic effect of. Oleanolic acid proved to act via multiple mechanisms, that is, antioxidant mechanism, via inhibition of generation of advanced glycation end products, improving the insulin secretion. The ethyl acetate extract of olive leaves yielded two new secoiridoid glycosides oleuricine A (10) and oleuricine B (21) [87]. Oleoside (15) was isolated from the seeds of olive fruit [60]. It is used for medicine, fuel, and food. Numerous chemical compounds with several functions including defense against herbivorous mammals, fungi, insects, and diseases have been identified (Bishayee & Sethi, 2016; Carocho & Ferreira, 2013).Among these plants is Olea europaea L. tree, popularly known as the olive tree, and has . Benavente-Garca O., Castillo J., Lorente J., Ortuo A., Del Rio J. Parkinson disease is the most common neurodegenerative syndrome resulting in slow death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Galactolipids, triacylglycerols, and fatty acids were isolated from the fruits of O. europaea [6668]. It was probably due to the presence of other biophenols in OLE which suppressed the properties of oleuropein which it might express alone [148]. Maslinic acid, a triterpenic anti-tumoural agent, interferes with cytoskeleton protein expression in HT29 human colon-cancer cells. The olive leaf extract at all doses did not induce any significant changes in genotoxicity; however, it increased total antioxidant capacity in plasma in vitro. Lafka T.-I., Lazou A., Sinanoglou V., Lazos E. Phenolic extracts from wild olive leaves and their potential as edible oils antioxidants. Oleoside (15), reported from fruits, is also present in leaves [60]. The sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to detect cell proliferation while flow cytometry and Western blot procedures were used in order to assess apoptosis and changes in regulation of HIF-1 and p53, respectively. Similar set of studies was also conducted to show the effects of maslinic acid (104) in acetic acid-induced writhing, inflammatory phase of formalin-induced pain, and capsaicin-induced mechanical allodynia in mice [232]. In Mediterranean folk medicine, the preparation of olive leaf has been used as a common tonic for gout [134]. Leaves of O. europaea are used in Tunisian folk medicine as a remedy for many inflammation types and bacterial infections such as gingivitis, otitis, icterus, and cough [135]. Alkofahi A., Batshoun R., Owais W., Najib N. Biological activity of some Jordanian medicinal plant extracts. Phenolic molecules in virgin olive oils: A survey of their sensory properties, health effects, antioxidant activity and analytical methods. The cultivation of olive started in ancient times and it dates back more than 7000 years. Gastaldo P. Official compendium of the Italian flora. When sensitivity was compared, Alternaria parasiticus was the most resistant strain while Alternaria wentii was the most sensitive one [179]. Main antimicrobial compounds in table olives. Olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves: potential beneficial effects on The fruit and leaves are sometimes used as medicine. Later on the leaves of those trees were analyzed for their copper content by atomic absorption spectrometry. Conclusions. Darias V., Abdala S., Martin D., Ramos F. Hypoglycaemic plants from the Canary Islands. Ribeiro R. D. A., de Melo M. M. R. F., de Barros F., Gomes C., Trolin G. Acute antihypertensive effect in conscious rats produced by some medicinal plants used in the state of So Paulo. proposed a fast method for the biotransformation of the leaves extract of O. europaea by a thermophilic -glycosidase enzyme immobilized on chitosan to get extracts with high amounts of hydroxytyrosol. Olive glutaraldehyde-like compounds against plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The classification of olive germplasma review. Golubev et al. Different acids include caffeic acid (119) [56, 57], 2,3-dihydrocaffeic acid (123), phloretic acid (124) [55], 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (125), and betulinic acid (111) [83]. Jiang L.-Q., Takamura H. Radical-scavenging compounds in olive fruits and their changes during table olive preparation. Decoction of leaves is used in Morocco to treat hypertension and diabetes [138]. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Medina E., Brenes M., Romero C., Garca A., de Castro A. investigated the effects of hydroxytyrosol and its ester hydroxytyrosol laurate in U937 cells, a human monocytoid cell line, and in C2C12 myoblasts (a murine proliferating muscle cell model) after apoptotic death induction. The effect of olive leaf biophenols like oleuropein (OLP) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) was studied on tumor growth in breast cancer. Besnard G., Baradat P., Bervill A. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous, acetone, diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol extracts of olive leaves was investigated against a number of microorganisms. 6--Glucopyranosyl oleoside (17), 6-rhamnopyranosyl oleoside (18), and ligstroside (2) were identified in peel, pulp, and fruits of O. europaea by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [57]. Intraperitoneal administration of essential oil of O. europaea at doses of 100, 200, and 300mg/Kg caused a significant reduction in acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions and paw edema in mice [135]. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of individual and combined phenolics in, Keskin D., Ceyhan N., Uur A., Dbeys A. D. Antimicrobial activity and chemical constitutions of West Anatolian olive (. These solutions also showed fungicidal activity against species of Phytophthora, Colletotrichum, Alternaria, Botrytis, and Pestalotiopsis. Nowadays, there are more than 2000 cultivars in the Mediterranean basin which exhibit enormous diversity based on pit size morphology and fruit morphology [42, 43]. Maslinic acid, a natural triterpenoid compound from, Kaeidi A., Esmaeili-Mahani S., Sheibani V., et al. Genetic relationships in the olive (, Ghanbari R., Anwar F., Alkharfy K. M., Gilani A.-H., Saari N. Valuable nutrients and functional bioactives in different parts of olive (. Antimicrobial activity of olive solutions from stored alpeorujo against plant pathogenic microorganisms. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, secoiridoids, and secoiridoid glycosides [45] are present in almost all the parts of O. europaea. The results indicated that 60mg/Kg dose of oleanolic acid was more active which reduced the oxidative stress in the kidneys and inhibited the neuropathy induced alterations. Pasquale RD, Monforte A, Trozzi A, Raccuia S, Tommasini S, Ragusa S. Effects of leaves and shoot of Olea europaea L. and oleuropien on experimental hypercholesterolemia in rat. Natural Health 2000;30:40. A., Cascante M. Maslinic acid, a natural triterpene from. Olive trees are normally distributed in the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean basin, the contiguous coastal areas of southeastern Europe, northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea, western Asia, and northern Africa [13]. Objectives: To review the scientific literature about the benefits of the polyphenols of olive leaves to human health. Kubo A., Lunde C. S., Kubo I. Antimicrobial activity of the olive oil flavor compounds. Kumar S., Kahlon T., Chaudhary S. A rapid screening for adulterants in olive oil using DNA barcodes. Olive leaf extract as well as several of its phenolics showed xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Infusion of leaves is taken orally to reduce fever [127] and as anti-inflammatory tonic [126]. Therapeutic indications The material complies with the Ph. The rats were divided into control group and diabetic group and were daily treated with 20, 40, and 60mg/Kg doses of oleanolic acid up to four weeks. USDA. One person from each pair was administered with 500mg/day of olive leaf extract (EFLA 943) while the other was given a dose of 1000mg/day. Hence, antioxidants are required to prevent from oxidative damage and chronic diseases [184].
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